Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Papaya mosaic potexvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987 and E. Hiebert, 1988.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

babaco yellow mosaic virus (Barba and Giordano, 1989), boussingaultia mosaic virus (Beczner and Vassanyi, 1980; Phillips et al., 1985), papaw mild mosaic virus.

Acronym

PapMV

Strains

Argentine plantago virus (Gracia et al., 1983; Milne, 1988), plantago severe mottle virus (Gracia et al., 1983; Milne, 1988; Rowhani and Peterson, 1980).

ICTV decimal code

56.0.1.0.013

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Carica papaya - mosaic and stunting.
• Ullucus tuberosus - symptomless infection.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector (Conover, 1964b; Zettler et al., 1968). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Bolivia, Peru, the USA, and Venezuela.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Carica papaya - systemic vein-clearing and downward curling of leaves, then mottle or mosaic.
• Gomphrena globosa - chlorotic local lesions, becoming necrotic with red margins; not systemic.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor - chlorotic local lesions, not systemic.
• Cassia occidentalis - necrotic local lesions, not systemic.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Carica papaya, Antirrhinum majus.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Gomphrena globosa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Antirrhinum majus
• Carica papaya
• Cassia occidentalis
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Gomphrena globosa
• Ullucus tuberosus

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Basellaceae (1/1)
• Caricaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Conover (1962; 1964b); Cook and Zettler (1970).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 73-76 °C (in papaya sap; Conover, 1964b). LIV: 180 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Hiebert (1970); Koenig et al. (1970).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 530 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 118.7 S. Isoelectric point pH 5.3.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 7 % nucleic acid; 93 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 6.656 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 6.656 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Koenig (1971). Base composition 20.7 % G; 33.8 % A; 23.4 % C; 22.1 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has an unusual type (Abouhaidar and Bancroft, 1978). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present; a poly A tail (Abouhaidar, 1988). Additional factor not required for infectivity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00240 Em(40)_vi:PMPCP Gb(84)_vi:PMPCP Papaya mosaic potexvirus (PMV), capsid protein gene, complete cds. 1/93 900bp.
• D00580 Em(40)_vi:URNA Papaya mosaic virus genome, complete sequence. 1/93 6,656bp.
• D13957 Em(40)_vi:PMPRNA Gb(84)_vi:PMPRNA Papaya mosaic virus genome, complete sequence. 1/93 6,656bp
• M35054 Em(40)_vi:PMP5END Gb(84)_vi:PMP5END Papaya mosaic virus, 5´ end. 1/93 139bp.
• M75794 Em(40)_est:CE02C6 C.elegans cDNA clone cm02c6 encoding hypothetical 176K protein - Papaya mosaic virus homologo 5 sequences.

Features of the genome

Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells; coat protein (Mackie and Bancroft, 1986).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 22930. Method of preparation: Koenig et al. (1970). Amino acid sequence: Abouhaidar (1988).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells (Zettler et al., 1968; Purcifull et al., 1966; Christie and Edwardson, 1977); virions aggregated in banded inclusion bodies they contain virions (Christie and Edwardson, 1977).

Taxonomy and relationships

Potexvirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Clover yellow mosaic virus, but distantly.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Potato X virus (Koenig and Lesemann, 1978; Lesemann and Koenig, 1977).

Best tests for diagnosis

Several serious mosaic diseases limit papaya production in various parts of the world, including India, Puerto Rico, South America, Hawaii and Florida. Some are, like papaya mosaic, sap-transmissible, but differ in being aphid-borne and restricted in host range to papaya and cucurbits (Capoor and Varma, 1958; Conover, 1964a; Ishii and Holtzmann, 1963; Herold and Weibel, 1962); the best known is papaya ringspot, a typical potyvirus (Purcifull et al., 1984; Zettler et al., 1968).

Comments and References

References

• Abouhaidar, M. (1988). J. gen. Virol. 69: 219.
• Abouhaidar, M. and Bancroft, J.B. (1978). J. gen. Virol. 39: 559.
• Barba, M. and Giordano, P. (1989). Inform. Fitopatol. 39: 58.
• Beczner, I. and Vassanyi, R. (1980). Tag. Ber. Akad. Land. Wiss, DDR, Berlin 184: 65.
• Brunt, A.A., Phillips, S., Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 101: 65.
• Capoor, S.P. and Varma, P.M. (1958). Indian J. agric. Sci. 28: 225.
• Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, 150 pp.
• Conover, R.A. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 6.
• Conover, R.A. (1964a). Proc. Fla Stn hort. Soc. 77: 440.
• Conover, R.A. (1964b). Proc. Fla Stn hort. Soc. 77: 444.
• Cook, A.A. and Zettler, F.W. (1970). Pl. Dis. Reptr 54: 893.
• de Bokx, J.A. (1965). Pl. Dis. Reptr 49: 742.
• Gracia, O., Koenig, R. and Lesemann, D.-E. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 1488.
• Herold, F. and Weibel, J. (1962). Virology 18: 302.
• Hiebert, E. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 1295.
• Ishii, M. and Holtzmann, O.V. (1963). Pl. Dis. Reptr 47: 947.
• Koenig, R. (1971). J. gen. Virol. 10: 11.
• Koenig, R. and Lesemann, D.E. (1978). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 200, 5 pp.
• Koenig, R., Stegemann, H., Francksen, H. and Paul, H.L. (1970). Biochim. biophys. Acta 207: 184.
• Lesemann, D.-E. and Koenig, R. (1977). In: The Atlas of Insect Plant Viruses, p. 331; eds R.I.B. Francki, R.G. Milne and T. Hatta. C.R.C. Press Inc., Boca Raton, U.S.A.
• Mackie, G.A. and Bancroft, J.B. (1986). Virology 153: 215.
• Milne, R.G. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 4; The Filamentous Plant Viruses, p. 3; ed. R.G. Milne. Plenum Press, New York.
• Phillips, S., Brunt, A.A. and Beczner, L. (1985). Acta Hort. 164: 379.
• Purcifull, D.E. and Hiebert, E. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 56, 4 pp.
• Purcifull, D.E., Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1966). Virology 29: 276.
• Purcifull, D.E., Edwardson, J.R. and Hiebert, E. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 293, 7 pp.
• Rowhani, A. and Peterson, J.F. (1980). Can. J. Pl. Path. 2: 12.
• Sit, T.L., Abouhaidar, M.G. and Holy, S. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 2325.
• Story, G.E. and Halliwell, R.S. (1969). Phytopathology 59: 1336.
• Zettler, F.W., Edwardson, J.R. and Purcifull, D.E. (1968). Phytopathology 58: 332.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.