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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tomato ringspot nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R. Stace-Smith, 1981. Revised 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

blackberry Himalaya mosaic virus, euonymus ringspot virus (Puffinberger and Corbett, 1985), grape yellow vein virus, grapevine yellow vein virus (Gooding et al., 1967), peach yellow bud mosaic virus (Cadman and Lister, 1961; Thomas and Rawlins, 1950), prune brown line virus, prunus stem-pitting virus, red currant mosaic virus (Hildebrand, 1942), tobacco ringspot virus 2, winter peach mosaic virus.

Acronym

ToRSV

Strains

tobacco strain, grape yellow vein strain, apple union necrosis nepovirus, euonymus chlorotic ringspot virus.

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.0.029

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms disappear soon after infection.
• Pelargonium spp., Rubus spp. and a very wide range of other species - mosaic or ringspot.
• Prunus spp. - rasp leaf, yellow bud or yellow vein.
• Nicotiana tabacum - ringspots and chlorosis.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a nematode; Xiphinema americanum (sensu lato); Dorylamidae. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seed (of Rubus idaeus, Nicotiana tabacum, Glycine max, Fragaria × ananassa); transmitted by pollen to the seed, or transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Stace-Smith and Ramsdell (1987).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the North American region; Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Cyprus, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea Republic, New Zealand, Peru, Puerto Rico, Turkey, the USA, the former USSR, the former Yugoslavia.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa - chlorotic local lesions, systemic apical necrosis.
• Cucumis sativus - necrotic or chlorotic local lesions; systemic mottle.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - chlorotic local lesions; systemic rugosity, tip necrosis.
• Vigna unguiculata - necrotic or chlorotic local lesions; systemic tip necrosis.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - necrotic flecking; systemic mottle, necrosis.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - necrotic local lesions; systemic chlorosis, necrosis.
• N. tabacum - necrotic local lesions or ringspot markings; systemic ring or line patterns.
• Petunia × hybrida - necrotic local lesions; tip necrosis.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia × hybrida.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L), Vigna unguiculata (L), Nicotiana clevelandii (L), N. tabacum (L).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Apium graveolens
• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura stramonium
• Fragaria chiloensis
• Fragaria vesca
• Fragaria virginiana
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Malus sylvestris
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Pelargonium
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Prunus persica
• Rubus idaeus
• Rubus occidentalis
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum tuberosum
• Stellaria media
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Catharanthus roseus
• Daucus carota
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Tropaeolum majus
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (7/7)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Geraniaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6/6)
• Rosaceae (7/7)
• Solanaceae (17/19)
• Umbelliferae (1 /2)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (2/19)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (1/2)

Comments on host-range

In nature, the virus occurs mainly in ornamentals and woody or semi-woody plants.

Sources of host-range data

Stace-Smith (1962); Thornberry (1966); Najarian et al. (1980).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 58 °C. LIV: 21 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Stace-Smith (1984).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 25 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 127 S (B); of the other(s) 119 S (M), or 53 S (T). Density 1.49 and 1.5 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Isoelectric point pH 5.1. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.8 (M and B), or 0.9 (T).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 44 % nucleic acid (B), or 41 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 56 % protein (B), or 59 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T); 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 15.8 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 8.5 kb; the 2nd largest 7.3 kb. Base composition 26 % G; 23 % A; 22 % C; 29 % U. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Nucleotide sequence references: RNA 2 has been sequenced (Rott et al., 1991).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D12477 Em(40)_vi:TOSRNA2 Gb(84)_vi:TOSRNA2 Tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) RNA-2. 4/94 7,273bp.
• L19655 Gb(84)n:TOSRNA1X Tomato ringspot virus polyprotein (RNA-1) gene, complete cds. 8/94 8,114bp.
• M27935 Em(40)_vi:TOSNC2 Gb(84)_vi:TOSNC2 Tomato ringspot virus genomic RNA-2 3´ non-coding region. 2/90 1,550bp.
• M27936 Em(40)_vi:TOSNC1 Gb(84)_vi:TOSNC1 Tomato ringspot virus genomic RNA-1 3´ non-coding region. 2/90 1,546bp.
• M73822 Em(40)_vi:TOSRNA1A Gb(84)_vi:TOSRNA1A Tomato ringspot virus RNA1 gene, 5´ end. 12/91 1,140bp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 58000; coat protein. Method of preparation: Allen et al. (1977).

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll; in cytoplasm; plasmodesmata. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; large vacuoles in the cytoplasm (Smith and McWhorter, 1957) or crystals consisting of nucleoprotein (Gordejchuk et al., 1977). Other cellular changes: general tissue disintegration in florets of Pelargonium × hortorum.

Taxonomy and relationships

Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Cherry leaf roll virus, and many other members of the nepovirus group.

Best tests for diagnosis

Serological tests are the only reliable ones because symptoms resemble those caused by other nepoviruses.

Comments and References

References

• Allen, W.R. and Dias, H.F. (1977). Can. J. Bot. 55: 1028.
• Cadman, C.H. and Lister, R.M. (1961). Phytopathology 51: 29.
• Capoor, S.P. (1952). Indian J. agric. Sci. 22: 274.
• Forer, L.B. and Stouffer, R.F. (1982). Plant Dis. 66: 735.
• Gooding, G.V., Hewitt, W.B. and Cory, L. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 236.
• Gordejchuk, O.G., Krylova, A.V., Krylova, N.V. and Samonia, I.N. (1977). Zbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Abt. 2, 132: 686.
• Hildebrand, E.M. (1942). Am. J. Bot. 29: 362.
• Hoy, J.W., Mircetich, S.M. and Lownsbery, B.F. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 332.
• Mayo, M.A., Barker, H. and Harrison, B.D. (1982). J. gen Virol. 59: 149.
• Murant, A.F., Taylor, M., Duncan, G.H. and Raschke, J.H. (1981). J. gen Virol. 53: 321.
• Price, W.C. (1936). Phytopathology 26: 665.
• Puffinberger, C.W. and Corbett, M.K. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 423.
• Rosenberger, D.A., Harrison, M.B. and Gonsalves, D. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 356.
• Rott, M.E., Rochon, D.M. and Tremaine, J.H. (1988). J. gen. Virol. 69: 745.
• Rott, M.E., Tremaine, J.H. and Rochon, D.M. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 1505.
• Schneider, I.R., White, R.M. and Civerolo, E.L. (1974). Virology 57: 139.
• Smith, F.H. and McWhorter, F.P. (1957). Am. J. Bot. 44: 470.
• Stace-Smith, R. (1962). Can. J. Bot. 40: 905.
• Stace-Smith, R. (1966). Virology 29: 240.
• Stace-Smith, R. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 18, 4 pp.
• Stace-Smith, R. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 290, 6 pp.
• Stace-Smith, R. (1984). Plant Dis. 68: 274.
• Thomas, H.E. and Rawlins, T.E. (1950). USDA Agric. Hdbk No. 10.
• Tremaine, J. and Stace-Smith, R. (1968). Virology 35: 102.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.